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- have – auxiliary or main verb
- Clauses of contrast, purpose, reason and result
- Generic pronouns – common-gender pronouns
- Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
- There and it – preparatory subjects
- Narrative tenses, used to, would
- get – different meanings
- Discourse markers – linking words
- Speculation and deduction – modal verbs and expressions
- Inversion with negative adverbials – adding emphasis
- Distancing – expressions and passive of reporting verbs
- Wish, rather, if only, it’s time – unreal uses of past tenses
- Verb + object + infinitive/gerund – verb patterns
- All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion
- Modal verbs – permission, obligation, prohibition, necessity
- Verbs of the senses
- Gerunds and infinitives – complex forms
- Future forms – expressing future time
- Other ways to express future
- Future in the past
- Ellipsis and substitution
- Compound nouns and possessive forms
- Cleft sentences – adding emphasis
- Relative clauses – defining and non-defining
- Participle clauses